Current Affairs Mcqs – 5th October

Vizhinjam Port located in?

Options:

A. Tamil Nadu

B. Kerala 

C. Maharashtra

D. Karnataka

Answer: B 

Explanation:

  • Fishermen’s demand that Kerala’s building of the Vizhinjam port be stopped was denied by the government.
  • The deep-water port is being developed by Adani Ports and SEZ Ltd to serve as India’s first massive trans-shipment container terminal.

Which nation and India recently signed an MoU on the preservation of biodiversity?

Options:

A. Sri Lanka

B. Myanmar

C. Nepal

D. China

Answer: C 

Explanation:

According to a proposal made by the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, India has ratified an MoU with the Government of Nepal on biodiversity conservation.

It also intends to include the reopening of corridors and places that connect them, as well as information and best practises exchange between the two nations.

To which nation did India sign a contract to export the Pinaka missile system for the first time?

Options:

A. Bangladesh

B. Iran 

C. Armenia

D. Saudi Arabia 

Answer: C

Explanation:

India has agreed to deliver weaponry and ammunition to Armenia for USD 250 million.

India will give Armenia, an ex-Soviet country, multi-barrel Pinaka launchers, anti-tank rockets, and a variety of other weaponry.

Which National Park / Wildlife sanctuary of Tamil Nadu is called as Top Slip?

Options:

A.Anaimalai National park

B.Mudumalai Wildlife sanctuary

C.Guindy National Park

D.Palani hills National Park

Answer: A

Explanation:

Anaimalai Tiger reserve was also known as Indira Gandhi Wildlife sanctuary and National Park. The practice of sliding timber logs down the hills from a place located in the northeast corner of the park is named as Top Slip.

Who is the founder of the organization East India Association?


A. Anand Mohan Bose

B. Dadabhai Naoroji

C. Mahadev Govind Ranade

D. Devendranath Tagore

Answer: B

Explanation:

The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. It was one of the predecessor organisations of Indian National Congress.

Which of the following was another name of Pallava king Narasimhavarman I?

Options:

A.Mammalan

B.Mahendravarman

C.Appar

D.Nandivarman

Answer: A

Explanation:

Narasimhavarman I was one of the most famous Tamil kings of the Pallava dynasty who ruled South India and founded Mahabalipuram.

Daily Current Affairs – 5th October

Naan Mudhalvan Scheme

About:

Tamil Nadu government launched an ambitious skill development scheme to equip 10 lakh youth across the state on Mar 2022.

Objectives:

To identify, train and offer career and academic guidance to talented students in government run and state educational institutions.

Monitor:

  1. Directly – By Chief minister
  2. District level – Committee headed by Collector

Features:

  1. Talented students will get proper guidance which help them in choosing career path.
  2. Spoken English lessons will be provided so they can face interview panel successfully.
  3. Classes in foreign languages will be offered to equip students in finding employment abroad.
  4. Psychological counsellors and medical doctors offer guidance on Nutrition, Physical fitness and overall development of student’s personality.
  5. Separate curriculum and classes will be offered to students in Classes 11th and 12th.

Regional Rural Banks

About:

Regional rural banks are financial institutions which ensure adequate credit for agriculture and other rural sectors.

  1. Launched in 1975 based on 20-point programme.

Objective:

Provide credit and facilities particularly to small, marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and small entrepreneurs.

Capital share:

  1. Central government – 50%
  2. State government – 15%
  3. Sponsor commercial bank – 35%

Functions:

  1. Provide safety to the savings of the customers.
  2. Create credit and increase supply of money.
  3. Encourage public confidence in financial system.
  4. Provide financial services to all irrespective of their level of income.
  5. Mobilize the savings of the public.

Central Vigilance Commission

About:

The Central Vigilance Commission is the apex vigilance institution, free of control from any executive authority and is an independent body which is only responsible to Parliament.

  1. Set up by in 1964 on the recommendations on the Committee on Prevention of Corruption headed by K Santhanam.
  2. Originally CVC was neither constitutional or statutory body.
  3. Parliament enacted Central vigilance commission act, 2003 conferring statutory status on the CVC.
  4. Term of office – 4 years or age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

Composition:

The CVC is multi member body consists of Central vigilance Commissioner (Chairperson) and not more than two vigilance Commissioners.

Functions:

  1. Receives complaints on corruption or misuse of office and recommends appropriate action.
  2. Inquire into offences alleged under Prevention of Corruption act, 1988 by certain categories of public servants.
  3. Exercise superintendence over functioning of Delhi special police establishment.
  4. Tender advise to Central government and its authorities on matters referred to it.
  5. Exercise superintendence over vigilance administration in the Ministries of the central government or its authorities.

Unified Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY Cards

 Why in News?

The Ayushman card will soon bear the state logo, names of state-specific health programmes, and the Center’s main health programme, according to a recent announcement from the Health Ministry.

Purpose:

To make the public more informed about the various programmes that are available to them, thereby reducing misunderstanding.   Currently, around 20 schemes are being implemented by numerous states, according to the Ministry of Health.  

Beneficials:  

Any of the 25,000 hospitals that have been accredited under the central scheme will offer this coverage to eligible beneficiaries of any government insurance programme under the new structure.  Beyond the 5 lakh that the federal government would cover, individual states are free to increase the insurance coverage.  

Yakshagana:

Why in News?  

Some Theatre groups to cut short Yakshagana shows spanning entire nights after loudspeakers ban.  

About Yakshagana:

Yakshagana is a traditional theatre that has grown in the Karnataka districts of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, and the western portion of Chikmagalur, as well as the Kerala district of Kasaragod   It has a distinct style and form and mixes dance, music, speech, outfits, make-up, and stagecraft. The Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata, and other epics from Hindu, Jain, and other ancient Indian traditions serve as the basis for its narrative. NOT ONLY HINDUISM.  

Seed Fund Scheme:

Why in News?

Giving entrepreneurs financial support for proof-of-concept work, prototype development, product testing, market entry, and commercialisation

About scheme:

Commerce and Industry ministry launched this scheme in 2021 to provide financial assistance to eligible start-up’s chosen by DPIIT through incubators as a part of Start-up India Initiative.

Eligibility:

 A start-up, as defined by DPIIT, shall not have received more than Rs. 10 lakhs in financial assistance under any other Central or State Government initiative at the time of application, and it should have been incorporated no more than 2 years prior.  

Current Affairs Mcqs – 4th October

The longest Inland water way of India is

Options:

A. Kurnool – Cuddapah canal

B. Damodar – canal

C. Sadiya – Dhubri canal

D. Haldia – Allahabad canal

Answer : D

Explanation:

In India, Haldia – Allahabad inland waterway is the longest one. Its length is 1620km.

The villages Raksas and Tagdi related to which battle ?

Options:

A. Battle of Talikotta

B. Battle of Takkolam

C. Battle of Panipat

D. Battle of Adayar

Answer : A

Explnation:

The Battle of Talikotta took place between the Vijayanagara empire and Deccan Sultamates and the war took place near the modern age Karnataka about 80 kms to the Southeast from the city Bijapur.

Khudai Khidmatgar movement was organised by

Options:

A. Abdul Gaffar Khan

B. Syed Ahmed Khan

C. Liaquat Ali Khan

D. Muhammed Iqbal

Answer : A

Explanation:

Khudai Khidmatgar was led by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi). The movement was also known as Red Shirts. It was originally a social reform focusing on Education.

Fundamental rights are  

a. Justiciable

b. Protected by constitution

c. Absolute

d. Included in part III, from Art 12 to Art 34

Options:

  A . a , b and c 

  B. a and b 

  C. a , b and d 

  D. a , b , c and d  

Answer: B

Explanation:

  • FRs are protected and guaranteed by the constitution.
  • FRs are NOT sacrosanct or absolute. i.e., The parliament may limit them or impose reasonable constraints for a predetermined amount of time. However, the court has the authority to assess whether the restrictions are reasonable.
  • They are justiciable in nature allowing persons to move the courts for their enforcement.
  • Fundamental Rights are included in Part-III , (Article 12-35)

 Which article of the Indian Constitution defines money bills?

Options:

A. Article 110

B. Article 111

C. Article 112 

D. Article 123

Answer: A 

Explanation:

  • Money bills are defined in Article 110 of the Indian Constitution. 
  • money bills are introduced in lok shabha, that typically address the government of India’s receipts and expenditures.

By the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992, which schedule was added to the Constitution?

Options: 

A. 10th

B. 11th 

C. 12th 

D. None of the above 

Answer: B

Explanation:

According to the 73rd Amendment, the Gram Sabha would serve as the cornerstone of the Panchayat Raj System and exercise the duties and authority granted to it by the State Legislatures.

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 consists of provisions from Articles 243 to 243 O

Daily Current Affairs – 4th October 2022

Prachand:

 Why in News?

Indian Air Force gets its first home-made light combat helicopter.

About prachand:

  • The HAL Prachand is an Indian multi-role, light attack helicopter. 
  • It has the highest flight ceiling of any assault helicopter in the world.
  • It has been ordered by the Indian Air Force and the Indian Army. 

Specifications:

  • It weighs around 5800 kg. 
  • It is capable of carrying 70MM of missiles. 
  • The Light Combat Helicopter’s top speed is roughly 268 kilometres per hour. 
  • It has a range of around 550 kilometres
  • The ability of the helicopter to fly for more than 3 hours

Manufactured by: 

  • helicopter designed and manufactured by the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited under project LCH.   

Tamil Nadu Breakfast Scheme

Why in News?

Tamil Nadu government launched the first phase of the ‘Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme’ which is expected to benefit over 1.14 lakh students of government primary schools. 

About :

  1. Tamil Nadu is the first state in India to offer breakfast along with mid day meal in government schools.
  2. One of the five schemes announced under Rule 110 in assembly for completion of one year of DMK governance.
  3. Beneficiaries – Students of Class I to V
  4. Implementation – Local bodies

Objectives:

Enabling the school children to get their breakfast before attending the class.

Reasons behind:

  1. Children skip breakfast because of distance to school and family conditions.
  2. Poor financial conditions.

Benefits:

  1. Health improvement
  2. Effective human development
  3. Poverty reduction
  4. High economic returns 

National Security Act, 1980

About:

The National security act is preventive detention law which involves detainment of person in-order to keep them from committing crimes.

  1. Act was passed in 1980 by Indira Gandhi government through ordinance route.

NSA and Constitution:

  1. Article 22(3)(b) – Preventive detention and restriction on personal liberty for reasons of state security and public order.
  2. Article 22(4) – No law provides preventive detention for longer period than 3 months.
  3. 44th amendment act 1978 reduces detention period from 3 to 2 months.

Key points:

  1. Allows preventive detention for 12 months without charge.
  2. Detain people in manner prejudice to India’s security.
  3. Detain foreigners too and regulate their presence from India.
  4. Provisions are re-notified every quarter.

Advisory board:

  1. Comprise of 3 persons who are qualified to be appointed as Judge of High court.
  2. Within 3 weeks of detention, the government must place the detainee before board, the reasons for detention.
  3. The detainee can appeal but not entitled to legal representation by lawyer.

Tamil Nadu Minorities Commission 

About:

The Tamil Nadu State Minorities commission is statutory body constituted under Tamil Nadu State Minorities Commission act 2010.

  1. Chairperson – Peter Alphonse
  2. Composition – Chairperson and 9 members
  3. Term of office – Not exceeding 3 years

Functions:

  1. Examine and evaluate safeguards provided in Constitution and laws provided for protection of minorities.
  2. Provide recommendations for effective implementation of safeguards.
  3. Review and Monitor the implementation process.
  4. Provide recommendation for promoting communal harmony.
  5. Prepare and submit periodical reports at prescribed intervals to the Government.
  6. Look into complaints regarding deprivation of rights and safeguards of minorities.
  7. Study matters related to welfare and development of minorities which Commission felt as important.

H1N1 virus and Dengue:

Why in News?

Increasing H1N1 virus and Dengue cases in India 

About H1N1 virus: 

  1. A human respiratory infection caused by an influenza strain that started in pigs.
  2. Swine flu was first recognised in the 1919 pandemic.
  3. usually infects the nose, throat, or lungs. 

Caused by the H1N1 virus strain, which is from pigs.

Transmission:

contact with infected pigs or exposure to swine influenza virus-contaminated settings can result in the transmission of the swine influenza virus to people.

Symptoms: 

fever, coughing, sore throats, and body aches.

Treatment: 

 Antiviral drugs .

About Dengue:

A mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas.

Symptoms: 

Symptoms include high fever, headache, rash and muscle and joint pain

Transmission:

Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus) mosquito. 

Treatment: 

There is no specific medicine to treat dengue. 

The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin) 

Why in News? 

69% houses under PMAY in rural India are owned by women, says govt.

About PMAY:  

  • Launched in 2015.
  • The former rural housing programme Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was reformed as Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin in order to meet the goal of “Housing for All” by 2022. (PMAY-G). 
  • Comes under Ministry of Rural development.

Aim:

  • To provide a pucca house with basic amenities to all rural families, who are homeless or living in kutcha or dilapidated houses by the end of March 2022.  

Beneficiaries:

  • People belonging to SCs/STs, freed bonded labourers and non-SC/ST categories, widows or next-of-kin of defence personnel killed in action, ex-servicemen and retired members of the paramilitary forces, disabled persons and minorities. 
  • Beneficiaries are chosen using a three-stage validation process that includes the 2011 Socioeconomic Caste Census, Gram Sabha, and geotagging.

Funding: The Central and State Governments split the cost of unit aid 60:40 for plain areas and 90:10 for North Eastern and hilly states. 

 Features: 

  • The minimum size of the home has increased from 20 square metres to 25 square metres, and it also includes a clean kitchen area. 
  • In plain states, the unit support has increased from Rs. 70,000 to Rs. 1.20 lakh, while in hilly states, it has increased from Rs. 75,000 to Rs. 1.30 lakh. 
  • The funds for toilet construction will be used in conjunction with the Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM-G), MGNREGS, or any other specific financial source.
  • Convergence for connected electricity, LPG gas, piped drinking water, and other government programmes is going to be tried.

Important News Articles – 4th October

International

The Hindu – North Korea fires missile over Japan, stopping trains and sparking warning message

Indian Express – As India prepares to take over the G20 presidency, it can learn from Indonesia

National

The Hindu – AFSPA extended in four States as uncertainty remains over Naga peace talks

The Hindu – A decisive shift in the discourse on abortion rights

The Hindu – Is TN’s breakfast scheme populist or pertinent?

The Hindu – Explained | The Mediation Bill, 2021

The Hindu – MGNREGS to fund work to reverse desertification of land across States

Science and Technology

The Hindu – Mars Orbiter craft non-recoverable, Mangalyaan mission over, confirms ISRO

Economy

The Hindu – With the rupee under pressure, what next

Current Affairs Mcq – 3rd October 2022

The Allahabad pillar inscription was composed by

Options

A. Harisena

B. Ravikriti

C. Samudragupta

D. Vishakadatta

Answer : A

Explanation:

Samudragupta’s court poet and minister Harisena composed Allahabad pillar inscription or Prayag Prasasti. The inscription is eulogy of Samudragupta and mentions about conquests of Samudragupta and boundaries of the Gupta empire.

Judiciary was separated from Executive under which article?

Options:

A. Article 50

B. Article 47

C. Article 51

D. Article 60

Answer : A

Explanation:

Article 50: State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the state.

Name the famous dancer who crowned as ‘Kathak king of India’?

Options:

A. Prem Chand

B. Shambhu Maharaj

C. Thyagarajar

D. Fate Singh

Answer : B

Explanation:

Shambu Maharaj was Indian classic music dancer. He joined Bharatiya Kala Kendra and became head of the Dance department. He was honoured with Padmashri in 1956.

If the panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held within 

Options:

A. One month 

B. One year 

C. Three months 

D. Six months 

Answer: D

Explanation: 

 Every panchayat has five years of clear term and elections must take place before the expiry. 

If it dissolved before its term, elections must takes place within six months of its dissolution.  

A panchayat constituted after the premature dissolution is to continue only for the remaining term. 

The most important fishing grounds of the world are found in the regions where 

Options:

A. Cold and warm atmospheric currents meet 

B. Continental shelf is  undulating 

C. Warm and cold oceanic currents meet 

D. Rivers drains in ocean 

Answer: C

Explanation: 

Where the warm and  cold ocean currents meet lead to the formation of phytoplankton, because these places rich in  nutrients. 

Phytoplankton’s are eaten by zooplankton , which are then eaten by fish, which make them rich fishing grounds. 

Daily Current Affairs – 3rd October 2022

Tamil Nadu State Planning Commission

About :

The Tamil Nadu State Planning commission was established by former Chief Minister M Karunanidhi in 1971 to assist the state in implementing developmental schemes and policies by utilising its resources effectively and efficiently.

Composition :

Chief Minister is the Chairperson along with Vice chairperson, 1 Full time member and 8 Part time members.

  1. Chairperson – MK Stalin
  2. Vice chairperson – J Jeyaranjan
  3. Permanent member – Rama Srinivasan
  4. Part time members
  5. M Vijayabaskar
  6. Sultan Ahmed Ismail
  7. M Deenabandhu
  8. Mallika Srinivasan
  9. T R B Raja
  10. J Amalorpavanathan
  11. K Sivaraman
  12. Narthagi Natrajan

For the first time, a trans person Bharatanatyam artist Narthagi Nataraj, has also been appointed as part of the commission.

Swachh Survekshan Gramin

Why in news?

Telangana scoops Swachh Survekshan Gramin, 2022 award

About Swachh Survekshan Gramin:

Phase I:

  • Under Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) ,the Jal Shakti Ministry launched Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2021, or rural cleanliness survey 2021.
  • As part of the Centre’s initiative to award villages Open Defecation Free (ODF) Plus status.
  • This report assesses the state of hygiene, cleanliness, and sanitation in rural India.
  • ODF-plus status aims to ensure solid and liquid waste management and is an upgrade from ODF status.
  • which required the construction of adequate toilets so that people did not have to defecate in the open.

Phase II: 

  • It emphasizes the sustainability of achievements under phase I and to provide adequate facilities for Solid/Liquid & plastic Waste Management (SLWM) in rural India.
  • It will be implemented from 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Funding pattern: 

  • The distribution of funds between the Centre and the states will be 90:10 for the North-Eastern States, Himalayan States, and the UT of J&K.
  • 60:40 for the rest of the states.
  • 100% for the rest of the Union Territories.

Gram Sabha

Why in news ?

Gram sabhas in and around Parandur passes resolutions rejecting proposal to build second airport for Chennai city.

About :

Gram Sabha is the primary body of the Panchayat raj system and is of the largest and permanent body.

  1. The term Gram Sabha is defined in the Constitution of India under Article 243(b).

Composition :

  1. Persons those who are above age of 18 years.
  2. Lives in the village.
  3. Persons whose names are included in the electoral rolls for the Panchayat at the village level.

Gram Sabha Meetings:

  1. Gram Sabha meetings conducted minimum 4 times a year.
  2. Jan 26, May 1, Aug 15, Oct 2.
  3. Tamil Nadu government announced to hold Gram Sabha meetings 6 times a year.
  4. Nov 1, Mar 22 in addition to previous 4 days.

Functions:

  1. To help implementation of development plans and schemes.
  2. To identify the beneficiaries for programmes.
  3. To consider levy of taxes, rates, rents and fees.
  4. To approve audit reports of village panchayat accounts of previous year.
  5. To approve village plan and budget.

Free Bus Travel for Women

About :

The Government of Tamil Nadu announced free bus travel for women scheme on May 2021.

  1. After Delhi and Punjab, Tamil Nadu becomes the 3rd state to make it accessible for women to travel free of cost on buses operated by State government.

Benefits :

  1. Women empowerment.
  2. Boosts Women mobility and accessibility.
  3. Greater access to jobs and education.
  4. Financial security.
  5. Raise of State economic growth.
  6. Increase usage of Public transparent
  7. Reduce air pollution.

Jal Jeevan mission: 

Why in news?  

  62% of households have tap water connections  –  union ministry of water resources 

About  Jal Jeevan: 

Launched in  2019. 

Aim : 

 By 2024, it plans to supply each rural household with 55 litres of water per person per day via functional household tap connections (FHTC).

Ministry:

  • It comes under Jal Shakti Ministry.

Funding pattern: 

  • The fund sharing pattern between the Centre and states is 90:10 Himalayan and North-Eastern States,
  • 50:50 for other states
  • 100% for Union Territories

Features:

  • It also assures the coordinated use of saved water, including the treatment and reuse of grey water, augmentation of drinking water sources, and drinking water supply systems.
  • JJM aims to establish a Jan andolan for water, making it everyone’s top priority.
  • In addition to monitoring and evaluating water quality, the mission also promotes sustainable agriculture and the operation of current water supply infrastructure and water connections.

Implementation: 

  • Paani Samitis plan, implement, manage, operate and maintain village water supply systems. 
  • These have between 10 and 15 participants, at least 50% of whom are women, as well as participants from self-help groups, certified social and health workers, anganwadi teachers, etc.
  • The committees combine all of the village’s resources to create a one-time action plan. Before the proposal is put into action, a Gram Sabha must approve it.

Important News Articles – 3rd October 2022

International

The Hindu – The U.K. is staring into an economic abyss

The Hindu – Ukraine presses counteroffensive after Russia’s setback

National

The Hindu – 62% of rural households have fully functional tap water connections. 

The Hindu – NRIs to benefit from UAE’s new policy on immigration.

The Hindu – PUCL report alleges abuse of Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act

The Hindu – Explained | How has the Supreme Court expanded abortion rights?

Indian Express – Natural gas: The bridge on India’s path to energy atmanirbharta

Environment 

The Hindu – How can India reduce its impact on global warming

Economic

Indian Express – The link between inflation and climate change

Current Affairs Mcqs – 2nd October 2022

In which district Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam scheme was first launched?

Options:

A. Villupuram

B. Thanjavur

C. Vellore

D. Krishnagiri

Answer: d

Explanation:

Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam scheme was launched by Tamilnadu CM MK Stalin in Samanapalli village in Krishnagiri district to deliver essential healthcare at the doorstep of the people.

Who is the first Mughal emperor to show interest in painting?

Options:

A. Akbar

B. Humayun

C. Shah Jahan

D. Babur

Answer: d

Explanation:

Babur enjoyed the company of artists and writers. He left to his successors a legacy if artistic sensitivity; passion for beautiful artistic objects. Miniature paintings is one of the greatest contributions of Mughals.

Sathanur dam is constructed across which river?

Options

A. Kaveri

B. Vaigai

C. Palar

D. Thenpennai 

Answer: D

Explanation:

Sathanur dam is one of the major dams in Tamilnadu. It is constructed across Thenpennai river also called as Pennaiyar river. It is constructed in 1958. Project was inaugurated by the then Chief Minister of Tamilnadu K Kamaraj.

Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle?

  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Respiration 
  3. Decay of organic matter
  4. Volcanic eruption 

Options:

A. 1 and 2

B. 3 and 4

C. and 4

D. All the above

Answer: D

Explanation:

 Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and replaces it with oxygen.

Which of the following countries have dual citizenship?

  1. Russia.
  2. Sri Lanka.
  3. USA
  4. UK
  5. Switzerland.

 Options:

A. 1, 2 and 4

B. 5 and 4

C. 3 and 5

D. 2 and 5

Answer: C

Explanation:

  • Dual citizenship is when a person is a citizen of two   countries at the same time. 
     India does not allow for dual citizenship. (Article 5 to 11 deals with citizenship).

6.Which of the following committee related to panchayat raj.

  1. L.M Singhvi committee
  2. Raghuram rajan committee
  3. Gadgil committee
  4. Balwant Rai committee

Options:

A. 1, 3 and 4

B. 2 and 3

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 1 and 3

Answer: A

Explanation: 

Balwant rai committee: 

In 1957, GOI appointed to examine the working of community development program (1952).

L.M singhvi committee:

In 1986, Rajiv Gandhi government appointed a committee to prepare a concept paper on ‘ Revitalization of panchayat raj institutions for democracy and development ‘.

Gadgil committee:
In 1988, This committee was appointed to suggest the ways to improve the effectiveness of panchayat raj institutions.

Raghuram Rajan committee:

In 2008, on financial sector reforms.

Daily Current Affairs – 2nd October 2022

Swachh Survekshan:

Why in News?

President Draupadi Murumu announces and presents awards to winners of Swachh Survekshan 2022.

About:

  • Introduced in 2016 as competitive framework to encourage cities to improve status of urban sanitation.
  • Initiated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs.
  • Governed under Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban).
  • Emerged as largest urban sanitation survey in the world.

Goal:

to promote widespread public engagement and raise awareness of the value of cleanliness across all facets of society.

Swachh Survekshan Awards 2022:

Cleanest city

Indore – 1st

Surat – 2nd

NAVI Mumbai – 3rd

Cleanest state

Madhya Pradesh – 1st

Chhattisgarh – 2nd

Maharashtra – 3rd

Best Ganga town – Haridwar, Uttarakhand

GST Council

The country’s adoption of the Goods and Services Tax was made possible by the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. The amendment also makes provision for the formation of the GST council.

  1. Inserted new article 279A in the Constitution.
  2. Ex officio secretary – Union Revenue Secretary.

Vision:

To uphold the greatest norms of cooperative federalism in how the Council functions, which has the authority to make all significant GST-related decisions.

Composition:

  • Chairperson – Union Finance Minister
  • Union Minister of State in charge of Revenue or Finance
  • Minister in charge of Finances or Taxation or any ministers nominated by each state government.

Functions:

The Council is required to make recommendations to the centre and states on the following matters,

  • The taxes, cesses and surcharges levied by the centre, states and local bodies that would be merged in GST.
  • The Goods and Services that may be subjected to GST or exempted from GST.
  • Any other matters relating to GST, as the Council may decide.

Digital India

Why in News?

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched first phase of 5G technology services in 13 cities.

About:

Digital India is a flagship programme launched by Government of India on July1, 2015 with a vision of transforming India into digitally empowered society and knowledgeable economy.

Motto – Power to Empower

Aim:

  • To Create digital infrastructure
  • To Deliver services digitally
  • Making people digitally literate

Objectives:

  • To provide access to high-speed network to remote areas.
  • To provide easy access to Common Service Centre in all the localities.

Pillars of growth area:

Broadband highways, Universal access to mobile connectivity, public interest access programme, E-Governance, e-Kranti, Information for All, Electronic Manufacturing, IT for jobs, Early harvest programmes.

Medical uses of fungi

Why in News? 


Some chemicals they secrete may be useful as novel drugs. 

About fungi: 

  • One of the oldest groups of organisms in the plant kingdom
  • Study of fungi is known as mycology.
  • Fungi lacks chlorophyll thus it cannot prepare its own food. 

Medical uses : 

  •  Fungi produce antibiotics, which are compounds that can be used to treat diseases caused on by pathogens.
  • Actinomycetes and moulds create antibiotics that prevent the growth of other bacteria.
    Antibiotic penicillin, which is frequently used, makes bacteria incapable of surviving.
  •  It is widely used because it kills gram-positive bacteria but has no effect on human cells.
    Another antibiotic with significant therapeutic significance is streptomycin. 
  • Since it eliminates gram-negative organisms, it is more effective than penicillin.
  • Griseofulvin is used to treat fungal skin disorders because it absorbs keratinized tissues (ringworms).

Heatwaves:


Why in News? 


Heatwaves in China highlights climate change impact

 About heatwaves: 


A heatwave is a period of abnormal high temperatures

Criteria for heatwave:

  • When a station’s maximum temperature reaches at least 40°C for plains regions and at least 30°C for hilly regions. if the normal temperature of the station is greater than 40⁰c, an rise of 5 to 6°C above the normal temperature is regarded as a heat wave. 
  • severe heat wave condition is defined as an increase of 6°C or more than the normal temperature. 
  • Heat wave conditions exist when the actual maximum temperature is 45°C or higher regardless of the normal maximum temperature.

Effects of heatwave: 

Economic impacts:


Loss of working days has a detrimental effect on the livelihood of poor and marginal farmers. 

Agriculture impact:


Temperatures over the optimal range reduce crop production.

On human health: 

Diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory disorders will all become more prevalent as the temperature rises.

Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI): 

Why in News?


Transparency International has released the Corruption Perceptions Index.(2021).

Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI): 
 

  • India has been ranked at 85th spot (Score of 40).
  • Three nations—Denmark, Finland, and New Zealand—shared first place in the ranking.
  • This index gauges how corrupt the public sector is in each nation
  • The outcomes are shown on a scale from 0 (very corrupt) to 100. (very clean).
  • 180 countries are ranked in this index.12:21 PM
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