Current Affairs Mcqs – 12th October

Kaziranga National park is famous for

Options:

A.One-horned rhinoceroses

B. Hippopotamus

C. Tiger

D. Peacock

Answer: A

Explanation:

The Kaziranga National park is located in the North eastern state of Assam. Since the Indian Great One-horned Rhinoceros is a well-known species there, the Kaziranga National Park is regarded as the nation’s rhino sanctuary. The park is well known for protecting one-horned rhinos, who are found there in the greatest concentration anywhere in the world.

Fahien visited India during the reign of

Options:

A.Samudragupta

B. Chandragupta I

C. Chandragupta II

D. Harshavardhan

Answer: C

Explanation:

Fa-Hien who was the famous Chinese traveller came to India to visit Buddhist places. During his visit to India, he also explored the Gupta Empire. He travelled the whole distance from China to India on foot.

In which session Indian National Congress passed Quit India resolution?

Options:

A.Surat

B.Bombay

C.Calcutta

D.Poona

Answer: B

Explanation:

In 1942, the Congress Working Committee resolved that it would authorise Gandhi to take charge of the non-violent mass movement. The Resolution, generally referred to as the ‘Quit India’ resolution, was to be approved by the Congress committee in Bombay.

The term “Socialist” was added to the Indian Constitution’s Preamble by which of the following amendments?

Options:

A.  38th Amendment Act

B. 42nd Amendment Act

C. 49th Amendment Act

D. 52nd Amendment Act

Answer: B 

Explanation: 

By the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976), three new words were added to the preamble of the constitution- socialist, secular and integrity.

The recommendations of the Simon Commission were incorporated in which of the following Act ?

Options:

A. Government of India Act, 1935

B. Indian Independence Act, 1947

C. August Offer

D. None of the above 

Answer: A 

Explanation: 

The Government of India Act, 1935 included (with some amendments) the recommendations of the Simon Commission.

The commission delivered its report at 1930.

Who has the power to broaden a High Court’s jurisdiction?

Options:

A. Lok Sabha.

B. State legislative 

C. Supreme Court 

D. Parliament 

Answer: D 

Explanation: 

  • The Parliament of India has the authority to extend a high court’s 
  • jurisdiction to any union territory in India or to exclude a high court’s jurisdiction from any union territory.

Daily Current Affairs – 12th October

National Commission for Scheduled Castes

  • National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) is a constitutional body that works to safeguard the interests of the scheduled castes in India. 
  • Article 338 of the constitution of India deals with this commission.

Composition:

It consists of 5 members 

  • Chairperson.
  • Vice-chairperson.
  • Three other members. 
  • Appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.
  • Service and conditions: Determined by President 
  • The 89th amendment, passed in 2003, divided this multi-member system into the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (338)and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (338-A).
  • The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes established in 2004.

Functions: 

  • Monitoring and looking into any problems involving the protections the constitution gives to the SCs.
  • investigating allegations about the SCs’ being deprived of their protections and rights.
  • participating in and giving advice to the federal or state governments for the planning of the SCs’ socioeconomic development.
  • Reporting on the application of these protections on a regular basis to the president of the nation.
  • making suggestions for actions to be implemented to advance the socioeconomic development and other welfare initiatives of the SCs.
  • any additional duties related to the progress, protection, development, and welfare of the SC community.
  • Similar duties must be performed by the Commission toward the Anglo-Indian Community as they are toward the SCs.

The NCSC and its power:

It has the power to regulate its procedure.

Has the Powers of civil courts:

  • The NCSC summons the attendance of any person and examines on oath.
  • It can receive evidence on affidavits. 
  • NCSC can issue a Commission to scrutinise witnesses and documents.
  • The NCSC can enforce the production of any documents.

Note: 

  • National Commission of Scheduled Tribes – Art 338 A.
  • Composition, appointment, Duties – similar to National Commission of Scheduled castes but it overlooks Scheduled Tribes. 
  • National Commission of backward castes – Art 338 B. 
  • Composition, appointment, Duties – similar to National Commission of Scheduled castes but it overlooks other backward castes.
  • Prior to 2018, the NCSC was also in charge of carrying out similar duties for the other backward classes (OBCs). The 102nd Amendment Act of 2018 was exempt from this obligation.

Chandrayaan 2 mission:

 Why in News? 

Chandrayaan-2 maps sodium content on Moon’s surface

About Chandrayaan 2:

  • After Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2 is the second lunar exploration mission created by the Indian Space Research Organization.
  • It consists of a lunar orbiter as well as an Indian-developed lander    and rover on the moon, the Vikram and Pragyan.   
  • Rocket: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III

Objective: 

The primary scientific goal is to map and examine the differences in the composition of the lunar surface, as well as the presence and distribution of lunar water.

Findings: 

  • For the first time, a significant amount of sodium was found on the moon by the x-ray spectrometer CLASS (Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer). 
  • Due to its enhanced capabilities and sensitivity, the CLASS spectrometer was able to offer a clear signature of the sodium line.
  • The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (C1XS) previously revealed the possibility of a significant amount of sodium on the Moon by identifying the element’s distinctive X-ray line.
  • Atoms rarely interact in the exosphere of the Moon, where sodium is present. 
  • The exosphere starts at the surface of the moon and extends over a distance of several thousand kilometres before blending with interplanetary space.
  • The latest information from Chandrayaan-2 opens up the possibility of researching the interactions between the lunar surface and exosphere.
  • This could aid in the creation of analogous models for Mercury and other solar system astronomical planets without atmospheres.
  • About X-ray florescence: 
  • Mineral composition may frequently be determined without causing any damage using X-ray florescence. When solar flares hit the lunar surface and emit a significant amount of X-ray energy, it starts.
  • The CLASS spectrometer counts the total number of X-ray photons while measuring their energy.
  • The energy of the photon identifies the atom of the element, and its intensity is used to calculate the quantity of atoms present.

Navayana Buddhism

Why in News? 

Mission Jai Bhim and The Buddhist Society of India organised a public meeting in Delhi to commemorate Buddhist Conversion Day. 

About Navayana Buddhism:

Background:

  • On October 13, 1935, Ambedkar as president of the ‘Yeola  Conversion Conference near Nasik, announced his decision to  renounce  Hinduism, as a path to contest the Hindu caste order.
  • He urged the gathered caste members to put an end to conflicts like the temple entry agitations and counselled them to convert to another faith in place of Hinduism.
  • In Nagpur, Maharashtra, on October 14, 1956, B. R. Ambedkar accepted Buddhism alongside more than 5 lakh of his followers.
  • Ambedkar accepted Buddhism in a grand ceremony at Nagpur’s Deekshabhoomi, where more than five lakh followers had gathered to support his decision.
  • Ambedkar and his wife took Buddhist vows in the presence of monk Chandramani.
  • The occasion is recognised as the resurgence of Buddhism in India.
  • Ambedkar called his version of Buddhism as navayana Buddhism and his followers as neo – Buddhist. 
  • He then recited the Trisharan, the five Panchsheel principles and the 22 pledges he had made for the audience, and denounced Hinduism.

Central Board of Film certification

Why in News?

Central Board of Film Certification has advocated that film advertisements must carry film certification.

About:

The Central Board of Film certification is an important body that handles film certification in India which are commonly known as Censor Board. 

  1. Statutory body under Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
  2. Regulates public exhibition of films under provisions of Cinematograph act 1952.
  3. The Central Board of Film Censors was renamed as Central Board of Film Certification in 1983.
  4. Prime regional office – Mumbai

Vision:

To ensure good and healthy environment in accordance with provisions of the Cinematograph act 1952 and Cinematograph (certification) rules 1983.

Mission:

  1. Ensure healthy environment, recreation and education to the public.
  2. Making certification process more transparent and responsible.
  3. Adopting modern technology for the certification process.

Film Certification:

  1. U – Unrestricted
  2. UA – Unrestricted but with parental discretion advisory for children under 12 years
  3. A – Adult
  4. S – Only for special class of persons

Writer Ki Rajanarayanan

Why in News?

Recently by his name the Govt school were he studied has been renovated

About:

  1. Popularly known as Ki Ra and known as ‘Pioneer of Karisal literature’.
  2. Born in Idaiseval near Kovilpatti.
  3. First short story – ‘Mayamaan’ was published in 1959 in the magazine Saraswathi.
  4. First novel – ‘Gopallagramam’.
  5. Recipient of Sakitya Akademi award in 1991 for the novel ‘Gopallapurathu Makkal’.
  6. Other works – Karisal Kaatu Kaduthaasi and Andaman Naicker.
  7. Recorded and collected 200 folk stories and they were published as ‘Nattuppura Kadhai Kalanjiyam’.
  8. In 2003, his short story ‘Kidai’ was made into a Tamil Film entitled ‘Oruththi’ and was screened at the Internal Film Festival of India.
  9. Appointed as Professor of Folklore at Pondicherry University. 
  10. The Times of India called Ki Ra as ‘Guardian of Tamil oral tradition’.

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

Why in News?

Central government expands Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme, focus on multiministerial convergence, skilling of girls, increase enrolment of girls at secondary level in schools, raise awareness about menstrual hygiene and others.

About:

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2015 at Haryana which aims to address the issue of decline in child sex ratio along with empowerment related issues for girls and women.

  1. The name Beti Bachao Beti Padhao translates to ‘Save the Girl child and Educate the Girl child’.
  2. Tirministerial effort – Ministry of Women and Child development, Ministry of Health and Family welfare and Ministry of Human resource development.

Objectives:

  1. Ensure survival and protection of girl child
  2. Ensure women education
  3. Ensure women empowerment
  4. Prevent gender biased sex selection abortion

Needs:

  1. As per 2011 census, Child sex ratio for India is 919 girls for every 1000 boys.
  2. Dip in the ratio is significant indicator of Sex selective abortion, Female infanticide, Gender discrimination and Women disempowerment.

Key elements:

  1. Create awareness about education and importance of girl child.
  2. Promote institutional deliveries for safe delivery of pregnant mothers.
  3. Registration of births to maintain records of girl child.
  4. Enforcing Pre conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of sex selection) act 1994.

Current Affairs Mcqs – 11th October

Inflation adversely affects

Options:

A.Profit earners

B. Fixed income earners

C. Speculators

D. Investor

Answer: B

Explanation:

Inflation refers to the situation of increase in the general price level over a period of time. Inflation adversely affects creditors, salaried persons, wage earners, fixed income group, agriculturists.

Creamy layer concept was first introduced in the case of

Options:

A.Lakshmikant Sukla Vs State of Uttar pradesh

B. Indra Swahney Vs Union of India

C. K K Roy Vs State of Tripura

D. Jitender Kumar Vs State of Uttar pradesh

Answer: B

Explanation:

On the basis of recommendations of the Mandal commission, the central government issued an official memorandum to reserve 27% posts in central government services. The order was challenged by Indra Sawhney in Supreme court in 1992. Supreme court cleared that creamy layer among OBC’s should be excluded from the reservation.

Who is the head of 3 member Lokayukta search committee?

Options:

A.K Venkatraman

B. K Chandru

C. M K Krishnamoorthy

D. A Raja

Answer: A

Explanation:

Retired Madras High court judge K Venkatraman is the head of the 3 member Lokayukta search committee. Other members are R Krishnamoorthy, former Advocate general of Tamil Nadu and A Pari, retired IPS officer.

Which of the following is the primary goal of NASA’s Kepler mission?

Options:

A. To search for habitable planets

B. To search for earth like planets

C. To search for alien life

D. To search for potentially dangerous objects in space

Answer: B 

Explanation:

  • The Kepler Mission was created with the express purpose of scouring the Milky Way galaxy for hundreds of Earth-size and smaller planets.
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the habitable zone and estimate the proportion of the hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy that may host such planets.

Which of the following layer of the atmosphere contains ozone?

Options:

A. Stratosphere 

B. Exosphere

C. Troposphere 

D. Ionosphere 

Answer: A 

Explanation:

  • Between 30 to 60 kilometres above the surface of the earth, the ozone is located.
  • It extends into the lower mesosphere and stratosphere. This layer reflects UV radiation, which is harmful.
  • Because there is a great deal of chemical activity in the ozonosphere, also known as the ozone layer, it is also known as the chemosphere.

Which hormone from the list below can be used as a medication to treat cardiac arrest and other cardiac issues?

Options:

A. Thyroxine 

B. Adrenaline 

C. Insulin 

D. Glucagon 

Answer: B 

Explanation:

  • Epinephrine, sometimes referred to as adrenaline, is a drug and hormone.
  • It is used to treat include cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, asthma, and superficial bleeding.

Daily Current Affairs – 11th October

Jagadguru Basaveshwara 

Why in News? 

Basavanna’s 111-feet statue to be constructed near Bangalore.

About Basaveshwara: 

  • Basavanna was a philosopher, statesman, Kannada poet, and social reformer.
  • He was born in Karnataka in 1131 CE.
  • Period:  During the rule of King Bijjala I of the Kalachuri dynasty.
  • Basaveshwara was initially appointed as a karanika (Accountant) in his court and later as Prime Minister.
  • Basavanna promoted societal awareness with his poetry, known as Vachanaas. 
  • The Basavanna renounced all superstitions, rituals, and social or gender inequality.
  • Basaveshwara founded Veera Shaivism in 12th-century.
  • His devotees are known as Sharanas, propagated Veera Shaivism. They are referred to as Veera  Shaivaites and Lingayats, which is Sanskrit for “bearers of Siva Linga.” 
  • These individuals are also referred to as Shivasharanas and Lingavantas.

Sharana movement:

  • He started Sharana movement, which attracted members of all social levels and, like most branches of the Bhakti movement, produced a body of literature known as the vachanas that illuminated the Veerashaiva saints’ spiritual world.
  • His spiritual discipline was founded on the principles of Arivu (true knowledge), Achara (right conduct), and Anubhava (divine experience), it resulted in a social, religious, and economic revolution in the 12th century.
  • The equality advocated by Basavanna’s Sharana movement was far too radical for its time.
  • Basaveshwara is the first Kannadiga to be honoured with a commemorative coin in recognition of his social reforms.

Anubhava Mantapa:

  • It was India’s first and foremost Parliament, where Sharanas sat together and debated the socialist principles of a democratic system.
  • He established the Anubhava Mantapa, a common forum for all to discuss the prevailing problems of socioeconomic and political strata, as well as religious and spiritual principles and personal problems.

Malabar exercise:

Why in News? 

Indian Navy to join Malabar exercise in Japan in Nov.

Malabar exercise:

  • The Malabar Exercise began in 1992 as a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian and US navies. 
  • In 2015, Japan joined the exercise Malabar, making it a trilateral naval exercise.
  • The Australian Navy joined the Malabar Exercise in 2020, transforming it into a quadrilateral naval exercise. Previously, Australia took part in the exercise in 2007.
  • This naval drill involves three countries. 
  • However, it has changed into a quadrilateral exercise as a result of Australia’s involvement in 2020 and 2021.
  • It alternately occurs in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean each year.
  • In the Bay of Bengal, the first Malabar Exercise took place in 2007.
  • Australia and Singapore were formerly non-permanent members.
  • Fighter combat operations and maritime interdiction operations are just two of the many different actions that make up this exercise.
  • India, the US, Japan, and Australia are coordinating for a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific as part of the Malabar Exercise.

Credit Guarantee Scheme for Start-ups (CGSS)

Why in News? 

Union government recently announced the credit guarantee programme for start-ups.

Credit Guarantee Scheme for Start-ups: 

Aim:

  • Supporting start-ups that have been severely damaged by the 
  • Pandemic will now be further impacted by the situation of rising interest rates, when liquidity is not likely to be readily available to new entrepreneurs.
  • About Scheme:
  • The program’s goal is to provide credit guarantees for loans made by Member Institutions (MIs) to qualified start-ups. 
  • Member institutions: Financial intermediaries (banks, financial institutions, and non-banking financial companies) that engage in lending or investing and meet the qualifying requirements outlined in the Scheme.
  • Ministry: The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
  • Under the Scheme, the credit guarantee coverage would be transaction and umbrella-based. 
  • The exposure to any one case would be limited to a maximum of Rs. 10 crore per case, or the actual amount of the outstanding credit, whichever is less.

Transaction-based guarantee:

  • Regarding transaction-based guarantee cover, the MIs receive the guarantee cover on the basis of a single qualifying borrower.
  • Transaction-based guarantees will encourage banks and NBFCs to provide money to qualified startups.
  • The amount of transaction-based guarantee cover is 80% of the defaulted amount if the original loan sanction amount is up to Rs. 3 crore.
  • 75% of the defaulted amount if it is over Rs. 3 crore and up to Rs. 5 crore.
  • 65% of the defaulted amount if it is above Rs. 5 crore (up to Rs. 10 crore per borrower).

Umbrella-Based Guarantee Cover:

  • The umbrella-based guarantee cover will provide guarantee to Venture Debt Funds (VDF) registered under AIF regulations of SEBI.
  • Review committee: Management Committee (MC) and a Risk Evaluation Committee. 
  • The Scheme will be run by the National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company Limited (NCGTC).

Meendum Manjapai scheme

About:

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin launched Meendum Manjapai scheme against plastic bags on December 2021 which aims to promote use of cloth bags and discourage use of plastic bags.

  1. Organised by Department of Environment, Climate change and Forestry.
  2. Tamil Nadu government has already banned 14 types of plastic products on Jan1,2019.

Objective:

  1. To encourage people to return to the usage of eco-friendly bags.
  2. To improve recyclability and investment in Research and Development.

Strategy:

  1. Support people’s movement.
  2. Design framework for effective monitoring.
  3. Work with industries to create road map for large production of eco-friendly alternatives.

One Nation One Ration card

About:

The One Nation One Ration card was launched on pilot basis in 4 states in 2019 which aims to ensure hassle free delivery of subsidised food grains to all migratory beneficiaries anywhere in the country.

  1. Nodal Ministry – Ministry of Consumer affairs, Food and Public distribution.
  2. Scheme rolled out in all states and union territory from Mar 2021.
  3. Implemented under National Food security act, 2013.

Objective:

  1. Reforms in Public Distribution system
  2. Access of food grains to each beneficiary
  3. Ensure Food security

Salient features:

  1. Existing ration cards will be turned as One nation one ration card.
  2. Beneficiaries identified through biometric authentication.
  3. Aadhar cards will be seeded with ration cards.
  4. The government provides helpline number to assist beneficiaries.

Benefits:

  1. Reduce leakages
  2. Reduce discrimination
  3. Prevent duplication
  4. Efficient and effective implementation
  5. Nutritional security
  6. Achieve SDG Target 2

Singara Chennai 2.0

About:

The Government of Tamil Nadu has allocated Rs. 23 crore for Singara Chennai 2.0 project.

The word Singaram in Tamil means Beautiful.

Objective:

To beautify the city, free the roads from garbage and foul smell and enable smooth flow of traffic.

Proposals:

  1. Project Blue – Beachfront with facelift, water sport facilities and aquarium.
  2. Beautification of subways and flyovers.
  3. Science and Mathematics park for students.
  4. Renovation of heritage landmarks such as Victoria Hall.
  5. Promotion of electric vehicle use.
  6. Digitally printed name boards.
  7. Creation of art district and pet parks

Important News Articles – 11th October

International

The Hindu – How Xi remade China’s Party-State

The Hindu – Russia’s continued defiance of international law

The Hindu – The ‘October surprise’ and the November election in U.S.

Indian Express – Unprecedented resistance: The young women protesters in Iran have chosen to shake off the Islamic Republic’s guardianship

National

The Hindu – Pakistan to join closing ceremony of SCO anti-terror exercise hosted by India

The Hindu – In UNGA, India votes to reject Russia’s demand for secret ballot on draft resolution on Ukraine

Economy

The Hindu – Why India Inc. is not taking a Hanuman leap

Indian Express – Rising interest rates and slowing external demand will dampen growth over the foreseeable future

Current affairs Mcqs – 10th October

Poondi reservoir was planned to provide water to Madras by

Options:

A. Satyamurthi

B. Nadesanar

C. EV Ramasamy 

D. PS Kumarasamy

Answer: A

Explanation:

Satyamurthi was the Mayor of Madras in 1939 when the World war II began. He proposed the idea of building a reservoir in Poondi about 50km west of the city. It was Kamaraj who proposed that Poondi reservoir in Tiruvallur district be named after Satyamurthi. Kamaraj suggested that Poondi dam be named as Satyamurthi Sagar. 

When did the Madras government issue the first Communal GO?

Options:

A.1920

B. 1921

C. 1923

D. 1925

Answer: B

Explanation:

Tamil Nadu’s legacy of Social justice owes its existence to the formative years of Justice party in power. The party introduced Communal GO to legislative reservations on Sep16,1921.

Bhuvan, the new web based mapping of earth was developed by

Options:

A.NASA

B. ISRO

C. ESA

D. Russia

Answer: B

Explanation:

Bhuvan is a software application which allows users to explore 2D/3D representation of the Earth surface. Union Rural development ministry and ISRO, Department of Space have signed a MoU for geo tagging the assets created under MGNREGA in each gram panchayat.

What is the National Green Tribunal’s maximum time limit for deciding cases?

Options:

A. One year 

B. One month 

C. Six months 

D. Three months 

Answer: C 

Explanation:

  • The Indian Parliament approved the National Green Tribunal Act in 2010.
  • It makes it possible to establish a special tribunal to handle matters involving environmental concerns.
  • The matters must be resolved by NGT within six months of the appeal.

Mount Etna located in 

Options:

A. Brazil

B. Iran 

C. Japan 

D. Italy 

Answer: D 

Explanation:

  • Mount Etna is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy.
  • It is situated just above the plate convergent margin of the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate.

In general, which of the following rocks contains fossils? 

Options:

A. Metamorphic rocks 

B. Sedimentary rocks

C. Igneous rocks 

D. None of the above 

Answer: B 

Explanation:

rocks contains fossils because layered structure Fossils of extinct plants, animals, and other microbes can be found in sedimentary rocks.

Daily Current Affairs – 10th October, 2022

YUVA 2.0 scheme.

Why in News?

The Central Government recently launched the YUVA 2.0 scheme.

Yuva 2.0: 

  • Ministry: The Union Ministry of Education launched the second edition of the Young, Upcoming, and Versatile Authors (YUVA) scheme as part of the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav or India @75 project.
  • Implementing agency: The National Book Trust of India, as the implementing agency under the Ministry of Education, will ensure that the scheme is implemented in phases with well-defined stages of mentorship.
  • The programme is a mentoring programme for young and aspiring authors under the age of 30.
  • Its goal is to promote the culture of reading and writing throughout India and to showcase Indian writing on a global scale.
  • It seeks to present the viewpoint of Indian youth on the theme “Democracy (institutions, events, people, constitutional values past, present, and future).”
  • It will aid in the development of a pool of writers capable of writing on a wide range of topics in order to promote Indian heritage, culture, and knowledge systems.

The Australian government wants to stop the extinction of species.

Why in News?

Australia announced a plan to halt extinction of species.

Australia’s plan: 

  • The Australian government intends to prevent species extinction 
  • To end the country’s reputation as “the world’s mammal extinction capital.”
  • The strategy was developed in response to the State of the Environment report, which revealed that Australia has the highest rate of extinction in the world.
  • The Australian government has announced a zero extinction target for the country’s flora and fauna for the first time.
  • The 10-year plan prioritises the conservation of 110 threatened animals and plants, including the Koala.

Kerch Bridge collapse

Why in News? 

A fuel tank explosion caused the partial collapse of the Kerch Bridge.

Kerch bridge: 

  • The Kerch Bridge, commonly referred to as the Crimea Bridge, is a road and rail bridge that connects Russia and the Crimean Peninsula.
  • This 19-kilometer-long bridge is Vladimir Putin’s signature project. The Russian President inaugurated it in 2018.
  • The bridge is the longest in all of Europe.
  • The only direct connection between Russia’s transportation system and the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed from Ukraine in 2014.
  • This bridge passes over the Kerch strait .
  • Kerch strait: 
  • Located in eastern Europe.
  • It separates the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea in the west from the Taman Peninsula of Russia’s Krasnodar Krai in the east
  • which joins the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

NEEDS Scheme 

About:

NEEDS – New Entrepreneur cum Enterprise Development Scheme

NEEDS scheme provides oppurtunity for young or new educated entrepreneurs with subsidy and support for starting new venture.

  1. Promoted by Directorate of Industries and Commerce

Aim:

Assist educated youth to become first generation entrepreneur.

Key features:

  1. All entrepreneurs within age of 21 to 35 for general and age relaxation upto 45 years for special category.
  2. The Entrepreneur should be resident of Tamil Nadu for not less than 3 years.
  3. Manufacturing or Service projects with project cost from Rs. 10 lakh upto Rs. 5 crore.
  4. Promoter’s contribution of 10% for general and 5% for special category.

Tamil Nadu Juvenile Justice Fund 

About:

The Government of Tamilnadu created Tamilnadu Juvenile Justice Fund with corpus of Rs.25 lakh mandated under Juvenile Justice (care and protection) act, 2015.

  1. Administered by Department of Social welfare and Nutritious meal programme.
  2. Accounts of the fund audited annually by Accountant General.

Objective:

To undertake welfare and rehabilitative activities for children.

Applications:

  1. To meet the expenditure towards higher education, technical courses or vocational training of children.
  2. To meet emergency and incidental expenditure of children.
  3. To implement programmes that are not covered under regular Government programme.
  4. To carry out activity recommended by Juvenile justice board.

Tamil Nadu Social Justice Monitoring Committee

About:

The Tamil Nadu government constituted 7 member committee under the chairmanship of Suba. Veerapandian.

  1. The panel comprising government officials, educationists and legal experts.

Objective:

To monitor the implementation of social justice in education, employment, posts, promotion and appointment.

Composition:

  1. Chairperson – Suba Veerapandian
  2. K Dhanavel, Retired IAS officer
  3. G Karunanidhi, General secretary of All India Federation of Other Backward Classes Employees Association
  4. Manushyaputhiram, Tamil poet 
  5. A Jaison, an expert in Adi dravidar and Scheduled castes related legislation.

Important News Articles – 10th October

International

The Hindu – Explosions rock Kyiv in apparent missile strikes

National

The Hindu – Supreme Court asks petitioner to move RBI to control, keep checks on unauthorised online money lending platforms.

The Hindu – Status beyond faith: On SC status post conversion

The Hindu – Peace, Prize, politics: On 2022 Peace Nobel

Indian Express – In Tamil Nadu education model, children are placed centrestage

Economy

Indian Express – Rising interest rates and slowing external demand will dampen growth over the foreseeable future

Current Affairs Mcqs – 9th October 2022

Who is the founder of Dawn society?

Options:

A.Jatindernath Banerjee

B. Pulin Behari Das

C. Sathish Chandra Mukherjee

D. Bipin Chandra Pal

Answer: C

Explanation:

The idea of education in vernacular language made its appearance much before Swadeshi movement with the foundation of Dawn society by Sathish Chandra Mukherjee in 1902.

When did Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was abolished?

Options:

A.1982

B. 1992

C. 1986

D. 1996

Answer: C

Explanation:

The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was abolished by Tamil Nadu Legislative Council (Abolition) Bill, 1986. The Act came into force on Nov1,1986.

Who introduced Income Tax for the 1st time in India?

Options:

A.J S Mill

B. James Wilson

C. William Digby

D.Seligman

Answer: B

Explanation:

In India, Income Tax was introduced for the first time in 1860 by Sir James Wilson in order to meet the losses sustained by the Government on account of the Mutiny of 1857.

Daily Current Affairs – 9th October

Stubble burning:

Why in News?

IARI (Indian Agriculture Research Institute) says stubble burning in Punjab decreased 

Stubble burning: 

  • The process of burning straw stubble that remains after the harvest of grains such as rice, wheat, etc. is known as stubble burning.

Why stubble burning is practiced? 

  • Harvesters leave behind paddy residue that takes 1.5 months to break down, leaving farmers with little time to plant their next crop. 
  • Burning the straw is a quick, affordable, and effective approach to get the soil ready for the next crop.

Effects:

  • Pollution: Burning open stubble releases a significant amount of dangerous pollutants into the atmosphere, including carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO). They might ultimately result in smog.
  • Burning stubble has an impact on soil fertility in addition to the air quality.
  • When stubble burns, heat produced seeps into the soil, causing moisture and beneficial bacteria to be lost.

Alternative remedies to Stubble Burning include:

  • Composting can be used to transform the removed leftovers into enriched organic manure.
  • Crop wastes can increase soil moisture and encourage the growth of soil microbes, which will benefit plant growth.
  • Promote power stations powered by paddy straw. Additionally, it will generate job prospects.
  • Through scientific investigation, new possibilities for industrial usage, such as the extraction of yeast protein, might be explored.

Indian Agricultural Research Institute:

  • ICAR is an autonomous organisation within the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Under Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE).
  • It was established on July 16, 1929.
  • ICAR was formerly known as the Imperial Council of Agricultural.

Research:

  • The institute was moved to Delhi on July 29, 1936, as a result of a severe earthquake that occurred in 1934. 
  • Indian Agricultural Research Institute is the new name for the institution following independence (IARI).
  • The Indian Council for Agricultural Research is the world’s largest network of agricultural research and education institutes. 
  • ICAR is a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.

Appointment of CJI 

Why in News? 

The government asked Chief Justice of India (CJI) U U Lalit to name his successor. 

Appointment of CJI : 

  • The President appoints the Chief Justice of India and the other Supreme Court judges under clause (2) of Article 124 of the Indian Constitution.
  • Article 124 states that appointments by the President must be made after consultation with Supreme Court judges as the President ‘deems necessary’.
  • Article 217 which governs the appointment of High Court judges, states that the President must consult with the CJI, Governor, and Chief Justice of the High Court in question.
  • Furthermore, CJIs serve until the age of 65, whereas High Court judges retire at the age of 62.

Eligibility:

According to Article 124 [3] of the Indian Constitution, in order to be appointed as a judge on the Supreme Court of India, a person must meet the following 

Criteria:

  • He/ She is a citizen of India and
  • has been for at least five years a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession; or
  • has been for at least ten years an advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession; or
  • In the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist.
  • Supreme Court held that the consultation with Chief Justice is not 
  • binding on the President. But the Court held that consultation should be effective.
  • In judicial appointments, the President is required to consider the opinion of the CJI.

Important points:

  • The CJI’s decision is legally binding on the government. 
  • The CJI’s opinion must be formed after due consultation with a collegium of at least four senior-most Supreme Court judges.
  • Even if two judges disagree, he should not send the recommendation to the government.

Global forest sector report

Why in News?

The report titled “The global forest sector outlook 2050″ was released recently by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.

Global forest sector outlook 2050:

Released by:

  • Food and Agriculture Organization.
  • Assessing future demand and sources of timber for a sustainable economy.
  • United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Headquarters:

  • Rome, Italy

Motto of FAO:

 “let there be bread”

Established on:

On 16 October 1945. 

Functions: 

  • The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialised body that oversees global initiatives to end hunger.
  • It was established with the intention of ensuring food security for all people and ensuring that they would have access to nutritious food in adequate amounts to lead healthy lives.
  • Reports published by FAO:
  • The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA).
  • The State of the World’s Forests (SOFO).
  • The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI).
  • The State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA).
  • The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO

Green Tamil Nadu Mission

About:

Green Tamil Nadu Mission is a unique mission of planting tree sapling which aims to increase forest and tree cover in the state to 33% by 2030-31.

  1. Inaugurated at Arignar Anna Zoological park, Vandalur on Sep 2022.
  2. Website – http://www.greentnmission.com
  3. Tamil Nadu present forest and tree cover – 23.8%.
  4. Mission helps to achieve SDG 13 Climate action and National forest policy targets.

Objective:

  1. To plant and encourage planting of more native species of tree saplings.
  2. To promote afforestation and plant trees outside forest area such as residential areas, industrial areas, educational institutions, temple grounds.

Target:

Planting 2.80 crore tree saplings in the next 10 years in Tamil Nadu.

Significance:

  1. Public participation
  2. Digital documentation
  3. Geotagging
  4. Farmer support

Impact:

  1. Increase forest cover 
  2. Biodiversity conservation
  3. Climate change mitigation
  4. Water conservation
  5. Reduce Global warming

Vande Bharat Train

About:

Vande Bharat trains are self-high speed, self-propelled engineless train sets, indigenously manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory, Chennai as part of the Make in India programme.

  1. Launched on Feb 2019.
  2. Also called as Train18.
  3. India’s 1st attempt at adaptation of the train set technology.
  4. Train routes – Delhi to Varanasi and Delhi to Katara.

Key features:

  1. GPS based infotainment system.
  2. Modular bio toilets.
  3. Centrally controlled entry/exit doors.
  4. Seats with diffused LED lighting.
  5. Faster acceleration and deceleration.

Vande Bharat 2.0

  1. New trains can reach maximum speed of 160kmh and needs to run almost less than 1km to reach maximum speed.
  2. Equipped with Kavach, an automatic anti-collision system.
  3. Protection against floods upto 650mm.
  4. Seats in the trains are recliner.
  5. Executive coaches have additional feature of 180 degree rotating seats.
  6. Coaches have disaster lights and their battery backup lasts for 3 hours.

Right to Education Act 2019

About:

RTE act provides free and compulsory education to children aged 6 to 14 years and enforced it as Fundamental right under Article 21A.

  1. 86th amendment to the Constitution of India in 2002 provided Right to Education as Fundamental right under Article 21A in Part III of the Constitution.
  2. RTE act was passed in 2009 and recently it was amended in 2019.

Committee related to Education:

  1. Ramamurthi committee – 1st formal document addressing Right to Education.
  2. Tapas Majumdar committee – Aim of incorporating Article 21A into the Constitution.

Provisions:

  1. Abolish No detention policy.
  2. No student be detained upto Class VIII.
  3. State to decide whether to continue No detention policy.
  4. If Student fails in regular examination in Class V and VIII, they provided additional opportunity for re-examination within 2 months.
  5. Students provided with 2 months remedial training.
  6. If Student still didn’t pass the exam, the state government may decide to detain.

Reasons behind:

  1. Poor understanding among students led to sharp spike in dropout rates in Class IX and X.
  2. With Absence of detention, the students had no real motivation to learn and develop further.

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